Background: Enteral nutrition through a Naso-Gastric (NG) tube is a technique often used for hospitalized patients who have problems with oral nutrition. It can reduce patients mortality and morbidity if be performed correctly. Several methods are used to reduce risk of misplacement of the tube. In present study, we suggest a type of guide wire for correct placement of NG tubes.Methods: It was a clinical trial study carried out in operation room of Al-Zahra hospital, Isfahan, on 60 patients. After abdominal incision, NG tube was placed using guide wire in first group (n=30) and without it in second group (n=30). Patients’ profiles, times of trial for tube placement, as well as complications were completely registered and analyzed by SPSS (ver.13).Findings: Mean age of patients was 44.9 years (rang: 18-60). The results show that the mean of trials in first group was 1.26, compared with 2.13  in second group (P-value: 0.011). Seven patients in first group and 11 patients in second group confronted with early complications during performing the procedure. These complications were tube entrapment in nasopharynx (16% in first group and 20% in second group), epistaxis (3% in both groups), and revolving of the tube (3% in first group and 13% in second group) (P-value>0.05).Conclusion: It seems that use of guide wire for placing the NG tube lead to lower misplacement of the device and may reduce the risk of further complications.

Cutting with high accuracy is possible using wire electrical discharge machining or WEDM. Nonetheless, while machining parts, amplitude of vibration causes inaccuracy of cutting. The main topic of this research is investigating the factors affecting amplitude of vibration of the wire-tool in WEDM using mathematical governing equation of motion of wire electrode. Hence, machining and finding ways to reduce the amplitude of vibration is the main purpose of this research. The consequence of reducing amplitude of wire vibration is cutting with higher accuracy and having smoother finished surface. In this research, the governing equations of motion of the wire-tool vibration are obtained using the Euler-Bernoulli beam model, fixed at both ends and moving in axial direction. The wire undergoes different forces including the body force produced by electrical discharge, damping force caused by the dielectric fluid, thermal force produced in the machining area and the axial force. Thereafter, the partial differential equation of motion of the wire-tool is converted to an ODE equation using Galerkin's method and then it will be solved using fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The results of this research show that the amplitude of vibration can be decreased by increasing the axial force and the decreasing of electrical discharge frequency, wire length, temperature differences and reduction of the workpiece width. Also, the results show that increasing the temperature by 70 degrees in the axial force of 17.5N can lead to a 60% increase in the vibration amplitude of the wire. Also, the results show that increasing the temperature by 70 degrees in the axial force of 17.5N can lead to a 60% increase in the vibration amplitude of the wire.

Introduction: Some studies conducted so far suggest that exercising during adolescence and young age can increase the amount and density of bone minerals to be stored for the age of senility. However, it has not been confirmed yet what type and intensity of bone minerals may provide for a maximum rate of the anabolic stimulation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare the amount and density of the bone minerals in male soccer and handball professional athletes with those of male non-athletes’.Materials and Methods: This is a an experimental research study on 42 males ranging 20-30 years old who were divided into three groups consisting of: 14 professional soccer athletes (Experimental Group 1) ,14 professional handball athletes (Experimental Group 2) and 14 young male non-athletes (Control Group). The athletes had the experience of at least three continuous years of regular professional exercising (3 sessions a week) and participating in national championships. These participants were selected from Mashhad athletic clubs, while the non-athletes were experiencing their first session of exercising in the club. Using DEXA, the participants’ BMD of arm femur and bone mass was measured. Then, the collected data were investigated at the significance level of 5 percent, using descriptive statistics and unilateral variance analysis as well as LSD pursuit test.Results: The obtained results from this research indicate that there was not any significant difference among the three groups of the study in terms of BMD of the arms. Also, in terms of femur and bone mass, there was no significant difference between two groups of athletes, i.e. soccer players and handball players (P=0.465). However, the findings suggest a significant difference between the control group and soccer player group (P=0.001) and also between the control and handball player group (P=0.004).Conclusion: As a result, the findings of this study conform to the theory which states that bone response to the mechanical loading depends on the type and style of athletic activities.

Background and Aims: Scaphoid fractures are the most common fractures of the wrist. This study compared the outcomes of two surgical internal fixation techniques, using either Herbert screws (HS group) or multiple pins (MP group), in the treatment of scaphoid fractures.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 41 patients (23 in HS and 18 in MP groups) with unilateral scaphoid fractures from September 2009 to September 2011. All patients were followed-up two weeks post-surgery, every month for six months, and then every year after one year. Degree of fracture healing, measured level of pain using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), range of motion, hand grip strength of affected limb vs. healthy limb, Quick DASH score (QD) and also Mayo Modified Wrist Score (MMWS) were recorded. In December 2012, all patients presented to the Orthopedic Clinic for their final follow-up visit where all data was recorded once more.Results: Mean patient follow-up time was 24.34±8.70 months (range: 11-34). Mean scaphoid fracture healing times for the HS and MP group were 14.61±3.88 and 14.39±4.27 weeks, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between both groups after comparing mean levels of pain using VAS, ROM of wrist during flexion and extension, hand grip strength expressed as percentage of normal, QD, and MMWS. The level of patients'' content using VAS was 9.5 for HS and 9.0 for MP groups.Conclusion: The use of multiple pins for the internal fixation of scaphoid fractures proves to be a viable treatment option compared to Herbert Screws, due to decreased cost and increased availability.

The wires used in the wire EDM process are of great importance in this new machining process as the cutting agent of the workpiece. Factors such as the diameter of these wires, their material, and their manufacturing method make their production simply not possible. In the upcoming research, a widely used type of Chinese wire in the domestic industry has been selected, examined, and analyzed. In the early stages of the research, the Chinese wire sample was elementally analyzed and its compounds were extracted, then it was subjected to a tensile test and its mechanical properties were also extracted. In the next steps, the wire was made with the aim of making a Chinese model by two methods of casting and extrusion and was again subjected to chemical analysis and tensile test. Also, in the final stage, all the wires made on the wire EDM machine were put under the same parameters and conditions and tested on a piece of work. The important innovation of the current research is in making wire EDM wire by extrusion method for mass production inside the country. The manufactured wire sample has up to 80% more strength than Chinese wire and is also 10 times softer than that, which increases the strength and softness of the wire leading to greater resistance of the wire and reducing the possibility of its tearing during machining operations.

In this paper, a new feeding structure is applied in the patch antenna design to overcome undesirable features of the earlier multilayer feeding structures while maintaining their interesting features.To more readily understand the operation mechanism of proposed feeding structure, an efficient circuit model has been also presented.It is known that proximity and aperture coupled feeding structures are sensitive to the transverse feed point location. In contrast, the proposed feeding architecture is very easy to fabricate and it overcomes the alignment difficulties arising from the proximity and aperture coupled feeding structures. The CST simulation results, analytic results and measurement ones show good agreement with each other. Moreover, a new miniaturization technique which is based on using High Impedance Wire (HIW) structures has been introduced. Due to their artificial high permeability properties, using proposed method, someone may miniaturize conventional patch antenna without bandwidth and efficiency corruption. Applying suggested method to the proposed antenna structure, two different feeding structures have been designed and compared. Finally, by using AMC structures to load HIW, more miniaturization factor has been achieved.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of perilunate dislocations (PLDs) and transscaphoid perilunate fracture dislocations (TSPLDs) treated with operative volar approach without ligament repair or reconstruction. Methods: A total of seven patients (10 hands) were studied during 2017-2018. We fixed scaphoid fractures thorough a volar approach and 3 k-wires were inserted to stabilize the scaphoid to the adjacent bones. We evaluated patients’ range of motion by VAS and grip strength, sensitivity assessment, and radiographs. Mayo and DASH scores were also recorded for wrist evaluation. Results: All fractures united well. The mean Mayo wrist score was 81. 5. Five patients scored good and excellent results (90-100). Excellent DASH scores (˂ 20) were observed in 4 patients and there was no poor DASH score (˃ 50). Conclusion: Treatment of PLDs and TSPLDs with k-wire and screw fixation using a volar approach and without any ligament repair or reconstruction results in minimal manipulation and has favorable short-term outcomes.

Operative results of arthroscopic open ACL reconstruction in 32 patients by bone-patellar tendon-bone graft was evaluated in shariaty hospital from 1997 to 2000. For assessment we used criteria developed by international Knee documentation committee. Signs and symptoms of the patients, their satisfaction and activity level in preoperative and postoperative period were assessed. The IKDC score, signs and symptoms were significantly improved following surgery. One patient showed failure of fixation. Ninety one percent of patients were satisfied with subjective evaluation of normal or near normal. The type of operation (open or arthroscpic), associated meniscal tear, age of the patients and time interval between rupture and reconstruction had no effect on the result but in patients with a quadriceps atrophy in postoperative period, caused result decline.

Background and Aim: The aim of this review study was to evaluate the results and effects of employing or not using bone graft materials in the buccal gap around the immediate implant, on the alveolar bone dimensions and the success of the implant and its complications after immediate implant placement. Material and Methods: This study was conducted using electronic versions of articles in Pupmed and Google Scholar from 2010 to 20/4/2022. The extracted electronic articles include 14 randomized clinical trial studies, a high number case report and two systematic reviews based on clinical trial. All the researches are human clinical studies. Articles written in English and Persian, as well as laboratory and animal studies and the use of collagen membranes during immediate implant placement, have been excluded from the study. The age of patients is over 18 years and the duration of evaluation is four months and more. Finally, 17 articles were reviewed. Conclusion: The effect of using or not using Bone Graft in buccal gap on implant failure cannot be confirmed. It does not seem to have a significant effect on reducing the horizontal and vertical dimension of the buccal plate and has a moderate effect on the beauty of the soft tissue around the implant and the amount of mid-buccal gingival mucosa dimension and reducing the horizontal and vertical dimension of the buccal plate. With the use of bone powder, minor surgical complications such as pain are slightly increased.

Introduction: Bone transplant can be used to repair bone defects for bone grafts, alograft, autograft and synthetic bonegraft can be mentioned. Autograft is the idea transplant. But due to complication and limitation in rate of bone and difficulty providing alograft, using synthetic bonegraft in repairing bone defects are becoming popular.Objective: The aim of this survey was to evaluate resulted outcome of artficial bone transplant in treatment of bone diseases.Materials and Methods: 62 patients with bone defects who needed bone graft during one year, under went Nova Bone graft. Follow-up data were analyzed according to graft failure and bone formation.Results: 6 patients out of 62 file to form calcium after 20 weeks of follow-up (9.7%). There were no other complications (infection and noninfection)Conclusion: Using SBG (including Nova Bone) has been advocated recently due to several problems in cluding Allografts and Autografts.Favorable results (90.3% calcium formation) in Patients with Nova Bone grafts (alone or in combination with auto & Allograft) propose the regular use of it for patients need bone grafts.